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Introduction
Insulated glass was invented by the Americans in 1865. It is a new type of building material with good heat insulation, sound insulation, beauty and application, and can reduce the weight of buildings.
It is made of two (or three) pieces of glass, using a high-strength and high-airtight composite adhesive to bond the glass pieces to an aluminum alloy frame containing a desiccant to make high-efficiency sound insulation and heat insulation glass. Insulating glass has many properties superior to ordinary double-layer glass, so it has been recognized by countries all over the world. Insulating glass is to effectively support two or more pieces of glass to be evenly separated and bonded and sealed around the glass to form a dry gas between the glass layers. Space glassware. The main materials are glass, warm edge spacers, angle bolts, butyl rubber, polysulfide rubber, and desiccant.
Structure
Insulated glass is composed of two or more layers of flat glass. Use high-strength and high-airtight composite adhesives around to bond and seal two or more pieces of glass with sealing strips and glass strips. The middle is filled with dry gas, and the frame is filled with desiccant to ensure the dryness of the air between the glass sheets. Various original glass sheets with different properties can be selected according to requirements, such as colorless transparent float glass, patterned glass, heat-absorbing glass, heat-reflective glass, laminated glass, tempered glass, etc. and frames (aluminum frame or glass strip, etc.), It is made by cementing, welding or welding.
Insulating glass can use 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12mm thick original glass, and the thickness of the air layer can use 6, 9, 12mm intervals.
The thermal conductivity of glass is 27 times that of air. As long as the insulating glass is sealed, the insulating glass has the best heat insulation effect.
There is a certain space between the glass of the insulating glass. The frame is filled with desiccant to ensure the dryness of the air between the glass sheets. The distance between two layers of insulating glass is generally 8mm.
High-performance insulating glass is different from ordinary insulating glass. In addition to enclosing dry air between the two layers of glass, a special metal film with good thermal performance is also applied to the side of the outer glass intermediate air layer. It can cut off the considerable energy from the sun into the room and play a greater heat insulation effect.
Principle
Since there is a desiccant that can adsorb water molecules inside the hollow glass, the gas is dry. When the temperature is lowered, there will be no condensation inside the hollow glass. At the same time, the dew point on the outer surface of the hollow glass will also increase. high. For example, when the outdoor wind speed is 5m/s, the indoor temperature is 20°C, and the relative humidity is 60%, 5mm glass starts to condense when the outdoor temperature is 8°C, while 16mm (5+6+5) insulating glass under the same conditions, Condensation occurs when the outdoor temperature is -2℃, and the 27mm (5+6+5+6+5) three-layer insulating glass starts to condense when the outdoor temperature is -11℃.
There are three ways of energy transfer in hollow glass: radiation transfer, convection transfer and conduction transfer.
Radiation transfer
Radiation transfer is the transfer of energy in the form of radiation through rays, which include visible light, infrared and ultraviolet radiation, just like the transfer of solar rays. Reasonable configuration of insulating glass and reasonable thickness of insulating glass spacer can minimize the transmission of energy through radiation, thereby reducing energy loss.
Convection
Convection transfer is due to the temperature difference between the two sides of the glass, which causes the air to drop on the cold side and rise on the hot side, resulting in air convection and energy loss. There are several reasons for this phenomenon: one is the poor sealing between the glass and the surrounding frame system, which causes the gas inside and outside the window frame to be directly exchanged to produce convection, resulting in energy loss; the other is the design of the internal space structure of the hollow glass Unreasonable, causing the gas inside the hollow glass to produce convection due to the temperature difference, driving energy exchange, resulting in energy loss; third, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the window that constitutes the entire system is large, resulting in the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the hollow glass. Larger, with the help of cold radiation and heat conduction, the air first produces convection on both sides of the hollow glass, and then passes through the hollow glass as a whole to form energy loss. Reasonable hollow glass design can reduce the convection of gas, thereby reducing the convective loss of energy.
Conduction
Conduction transfer is through the movement of object molecules to drive energy to move, and achieve the purpose of transfer, just like using an iron pan for cooking and soldering things with an electric soldering iron, and hollow glass conducts energy transfer through the glass and its interior. Air is done. We know that the thermal conductivity of glass is 0.77W/mk. The thermal conductivity of air is 0.028 W/mk. It can be seen that the thermal conductivity of glass is 27 times that of air, and the presence of active molecules such as water molecules in the air affects the energy transfer and convection transfer performance of hollow glass The main factor, thus improving the sealing performance of insulating glass, is an important factor in improving the thermal insulation performance of insulating glass.
Features
①Greater energy saving effect
High-performance insulating glass, due to a special metal film, can achieve a shielding coefficient of 0.22-0.49, which reduces the load of indoor air conditioning (air-conditioning). The heat transfer coefficient is 1.4-2.8W (m2.K), which is better than ordinary insulating glass. It also exerts great efficiency in reducing indoor heating load. Therefore, the larger the window is opened, the more obvious the energy-saving effect.
②Improve the indoor environment
High-performance insulating glass can intercept considerable energy from the sun into the room, thus preventing discomfort caused by radiant heat and reducing dazzling caused by sunset sunlight.
③Rich tones and artistry
High-performance insulating glass has a variety of colors, which can be selected according to needs to achieve a more ideal artistic effect.
④Use of high-performance insulating glass
It is suitable for office buildings, exhibition rooms, libraries and other public facilities and special buildings such as computer rooms, precision instrument workshops, and chemical factories that require constant temperature and humidity. In addition, it can also be used for sun protection and anti-dazzling places.
Note: Dry air is enclosed in the hollow glass. Therefore, according to changes in temperature and air pressure, the internal air pressure also changes, but only a small amount of deformation occurs on the glass surface. In addition, slight warpage may occur during manufacturing, and distortion may also be formed during construction. Therefore, including such factors, sometimes there are corresponding changes in reflection, which should be paid attention to. Different colors have different reflections.
Gold, copper and silver metal coatings have high reflectivity in the mid-to-far infrared region, that is, when the wavelength range is greater than 4μm. If the metal coating has a typical thickness, the total reflectivity can reach 90%-95%. The high infrared reflectivity is equivalent to the low emissivity (Low-e), which will reduce the radiation conversion between the inner and outer glass plates of the insulating glass module. Correspondingly, compared with the standard hollow glass member with an air layer of 12mm, the thermal insulation value can be from 0.3W/(m2.K). In addition, if the air in the component is replaced by heavy gas, the insulation value is 1.4W/(m2.K). By reducing the thickness of the metal layer, the light transmittance can be increased to about 60%-60%. This kind of extremely thin coating has a very good protective effect, while still having a high infrared reflectivity value, in the range of 85% or 75%. The air layer is 12mm filled with heavy gas in the middle, and the insulation value of the coating can reach 1.6-1.9W/(m2.K).
The main purpose
Insulating glass is mainly used in buildings that require heating, air conditioning, noise prevention or condensation, and no direct sunlight and special light. It is widely used in residences, restaurants, hotels, office buildings, schools, hospitals, shops and other occasions that require indoor air conditioning. It can also be used for doors and windows of trains, automobiles, ships, and freezers.
Hollow glass is mainly used for outer glass decoration. Its optical performance, thermal conductivity, and sound insulation coefficient should meet national standards. Only when the structure is reasonable and the design meets the standard can the insulating glass exert its heat insulation, sound insulation, anti-theft, and fire prevention effects. Using vacuum double-layer tempered glass can reach laboratory standards! There are also hollow glass with inert gas and color pigment gas added on the market, as well as the addition of beautiful scenery strips for reinforcement and decoration.
The role of hollow glass aluminum spacers: aluminum is called an active metal element, but a dense oxide film will form on its surface in the air, preventing it from continuing to interact with oxygen and water. It can react with oxygen at high temperatures and release a lot of heat. With this high reaction heat, aluminum can replace metal from other oxides (thermite method).
Common classification
1. Float hollow glass
2. Tempered insulating glass
3. Coated insulating glass
4. LOW-E insulating glass
Common insulating glass: 5+9A+5 double-layer hollow. Shenghai Doors and Windows explained that 5 means that the thickness of the glass is 5mm, 9 means that the hollow part is 9mm, and the letter A is the abbreviation of air. There are models 5+15A+5, 5+22A+5, 5+27A+5, 5+32A+5, etc. on the market. It is not difficult to understand the meaning of the above.
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